{
 "titre": "Observatoire Edulingo des langues d'affaires — poids économique par langue",
 "genere_le": "2026-08-13",
 "methode": "Espace économique d'une langue = somme du PIB (Banque mondiale, indicateur NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, dernière année disponible) des pays où la langue est officielle, nationale ou véhiculaire d'affaires. Les pays multilingues sont comptés dans chaque langue concernée (les totaux ne sont donc pas additifs entre langues). Effectifs de locuteurs et volumes d'échanges bilatéraux (UN Comtrade) ajoutés en phase 2 depuis le corpus vérifié Prométhée.",
 "sources": [
  {
   "nom": "Banque mondiale — World Development Indicators, PIB (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD)",
   "url": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD",
   "acces": "API ouverte, temps réel"
  },
  {
   "nom": "Melitz, J. (2008), « Language and foreign trade », European Economic Review, 52(4), 667-699",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2007.05.002"
  },
  {
   "nom": "Melitz, J. & Toubal, F. (2014), « Native language, spoken language, translation and trade », Journal of International Economics, 93(2), 351-363",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2014.04.004"
  },
  {
   "nom": "Egger, P. H. & Lassmann, A. (2012), « The language effect in international trade: A meta-analysis », Economics Letters, 116(2), 221-224",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2012.02.018"
  }
 ],
 "fait_saillant": "Selon la méta-analyse d'Egger & Lassmann (2012, 701 effets issus de 81 études), le partage d'une langue commune accroît en moyenne de ~44 % le commerce bilatéral entre deux pays — la langue est un actif économique mesurable.",
 "langues": [
  {
   "id": "anglais",
   "nom": "Anglais",
   "statut": "officielle ou co-officielle (sélection d'affaires)",
   "nb_pays": 13,
   "pib_espace_usd": 45891617648935,
   "pib_espace_mds_usd": 45892,
   "millesime_pib": "2025",
   "pays": [
    {
     "pays": "US",
     "pib_usd": 30769700000000,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "GB",
     "pib_usd": 4002587541846.01,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "CA",
     "pib_usd": 2319899772425.92,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "AU",
     "pib_usd": 1798518933689.21,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "IE",
     "pib_usd": 721701359046.313,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "NZ",
     "pib_usd": 264057413739.965,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "IN",
     "pib_usd": 3956067115771.63,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "NG",
     "pib_usd": 290794361542.112,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "ZA",
     "pib_usd": 427184325997.307,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "SG",
     "pib_usd": 603869516998.738,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "PH",
     "pib_usd": 487086123720.417,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "KE",
     "pib_usd": 135941278878.815,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "GH",
     "pib_usd": 114209905278.717,
     "annee": "2025"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "chinois",
   "nom": "Chinois (mandarin)",
   "statut": "officielle ou co-officielle",
   "nb_pays": 3,
   "pib_espace_usd": 20529219220963,
   "pib_espace_mds_usd": 20529,
   "millesime_pib": "2025",
   "pays": [
    {
     "pays": "CN",
     "pib_usd": 19498039388042.6,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "SG",
     "pib_usd": 603869516998.738,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "HK",
     "pib_usd": 427310315921.993,
     "annee": "2025"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "allemand",
   "nom": "Allemand",
   "statut": "officielle (D-A-CH)",
   "nb_pays": 3,
   "pib_espace_usd": 6673922845393,
   "pib_espace_mds_usd": 6674,
   "millesime_pib": "2025",
   "pays": [
    {
     "pays": "DE",
     "pib_usd": 5050922925047.05,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "AT",
     "pib_usd": 579470021095.418,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "CH",
     "pib_usd": 1043529899250.92,
     "annee": "2025"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "espagnol",
   "nom": "Espagnol",
   "statut": "officielle (Espagne + Amérique hispanophone)",
   "nb_pays": 15,
   "pib_espace_usd": 6452976844835,
   "pib_espace_mds_usd": 6453,
   "millesime_pib": "2025",
   "pays": [
    {
     "pays": "ES",
     "pib_usd": 1906453309985.88,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "MX",
     "pib_usd": 1832641364775.52,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "AR",
     "pib_usd": 683097891618.597,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "CO",
     "pib_usd": 457410034202.523,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "CL",
     "pib_usd": 357371159574.862,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "PE",
     "pib_usd": 334854659181.893,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "EC",
     "pib_usd": 130320560400,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "GT",
     "pib_usd": 123306008821.471,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "CU",
     "pib_usd": 107352000000,
     "annee": "2020"
    },
    {
     "pays": "BO",
     "pib_usd": 64768947525.3256,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "DO",
     "pib_usd": 127407463759.043,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "CR",
     "pib_usd": 102904921157.478,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "PY",
     "pib_usd": 49278227554.3339,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "UY",
     "pib_usd": 85347696277.6859,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "PA",
     "pib_usd": 90462600000,
     "annee": "2025"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "arabe",
   "nom": "Arabe",
   "statut": "officielle (sélection d'affaires)",
   "nb_pays": 13,
   "pib_espace_usd": 3594718933811,
   "pib_espace_mds_usd": 3595,
   "millesime_pib": "2025",
   "pays": [
    {
     "pays": "SA",
     "pib_usd": 1276942933333.33,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "AE",
     "pib_usd": 552324919095.872,
     "annee": "2024"
    },
    {
     "pays": "EG",
     "pib_usd": 365254630179.737,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "MA",
     "pib_usd": 182374250612.28,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "DZ",
     "pib_usd": 287031225987.736,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "TN",
     "pib_usd": 57502836548.0878,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "QA",
     "pib_usd": 215559615384.615,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "KW",
     "pib_usd": 157209026926.418,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "IQ",
     "pib_usd": 254367293538.462,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "JO",
     "pib_usd": 61610052535.2113,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "OM",
     "pib_usd": 109604780696.23,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "BH",
     "pib_usd": 48965725531.9149,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "LB",
     "pib_usd": 25971643441.3408,
     "annee": "2024"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "russe",
   "nom": "Russe",
   "statut": "officielle ou co-officielle",
   "nb_pays": 4,
   "pib_espace_usd": 2983570346968,
   "pib_espace_mds_usd": 2984,
   "millesime_pib": "2025",
   "pays": [
    {
     "pays": "RU",
     "pib_usd": 2561310169358.74,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "BY",
     "pib_usd": 93397215864.198,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "KZ",
     "pib_usd": 306239209650.024,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "KG",
     "pib_usd": 22623752095.4613,
     "annee": "2025"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "portugais",
   "nom": "Portugais",
   "statut": "officielle (espace lusophone principal)",
   "nb_pays": 4,
   "pib_espace_usd": 2771072804104,
   "pib_espace_mds_usd": 2771,
   "millesime_pib": "2025",
   "pays": [
    {
     "pays": "BR",
     "pib_usd": 2279920092492.13,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "PT",
     "pib_usd": 346639825141.821,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "AO",
     "pib_usd": 122174889423.635,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "MZ",
     "pib_usd": 22337997046.1913,
     "annee": "2025"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "italien",
   "nom": "Italien",
   "statut": "officielle",
   "nb_pays": 1,
   "pib_espace_usd": 2551556954100,
   "pib_espace_mds_usd": 2552,
   "millesime_pib": "2025",
   "pays": [
    {
     "pays": "IT",
     "pib_usd": 2551556954100.35,
     "annee": "2025"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "swahili",
   "nom": "Swahili",
   "statut": "officielle ou régionale (Afrique de l'Est)",
   "nb_pays": 4,
   "pib_espace_usd": 304442737248,
   "pib_espace_mds_usd": 304,
   "millesime_pib": "2025",
   "pays": [
    {
     "pays": "TZ",
     "pib_usd": 90143496090.4411,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "KE",
     "pib_usd": 135941278878.815,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "UG",
     "pib_usd": 61985829288.1496,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "RW",
     "pib_usd": 16372132990.2271,
     "annee": "2025"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "lingala",
   "nom": "Lingala",
   "statut": "langue nationale RDC / Congo",
   "nb_pays": 2,
   "pib_espace_usd": 107337165096,
   "pib_espace_mds_usd": 107,
   "millesime_pib": "2025",
   "pays": [
    {
     "pays": "CD",
     "pib_usd": 91030531316.9936,
     "annee": "2025"
    },
    {
     "pays": "CG",
     "pib_usd": 16306633778.765,
     "annee": "2025"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "wolof",
   "nom": "Wolof",
   "statut": "langue nationale du Sénégal (français officiel)",
   "nb_pays": 1,
   "pib_espace_usd": 37006536238,
   "pib_espace_mds_usd": 37,
   "millesime_pib": "2025",
   "pays": [
    {
     "pays": "SN",
     "pib_usd": 37006536238.3731,
     "annee": "2025"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "bambara",
   "nom": "Bambara / Dioula",
   "statut": "langue nationale véhiculaire du Mali",
   "nb_pays": 1,
   "pib_espace_usd": 30069148581,
   "pib_espace_mds_usd": 30,
   "millesime_pib": "2025",
   "pays": [
    {
     "pays": "ML",
     "pib_usd": 30069148580.7688,
     "annee": "2025"
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}